Showing posts with label Christianity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Christianity. Show all posts

Saturday, August 3, 2013

Why the Plight of Animals is Ours


by Beatrice Victoria Ang

God’s original design was for humans and animals to eat green plants (Gen 1:29-30). But it wasn’t until after the great flood that God “gave” the animals for people to eat, too (Gen 9:3). A textual parallelism is at play—just as God commissioned Adam in the beginning, so now he commissions Noah. But the world Adam was to rule and subdue was a perfect one. Noah’s world—the world we live in today—is still steeped in sin.

To Adam, God said: “Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground (Gen 1:28).”

To Noah, God said: “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth. The fear and dread of you will fall upon the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon every creature that moves along the ground, and upon all the fish of the sea; they are given to your hands. Everything that lives and moves will be food for you. But you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it (Gen 9:1-3).”

The constant struggle between man and animals in a fallen world is a reality. We share a world; we fight over the same natural resources; the same rainforests and seas. Over the years, animals have been responsible for human deaths even as humans have been responsible for animal deaths. Some would have us believe that animals are “innocent” because they act on instinct and fight for survival. But God does not hold them guiltless when they kill, for He says to Noah, “And for your lifeblood I will surely demand an accounting. I will demand an accounting from every animal. And from each man, too, I will demand an accounting for the life of his fellow man (Gen 9:5).”

Having said that, the struggle between man and animal does not make them equal. Man has the greater responsibility. Made in the image of God, he has the capacity to care for God’s creation in a way that goes beyond instinct. A mother bear may do all she can to protect her cubs; a lioness hunt to feed her pride. But have you ever seen them appreciate butterflies? Or grieve for the orphans of their enemies? Birds cannot name animals or list down the differences between zebra and horse. Only human beings would appreciate the trick of the chameleon, cry for the abuse of animals not their kin, and feel burdened when beasts are driven from their homes or when there is threat of their extinction. A dog may allow a motherless kitten to nurse from her for a time, but can she give an organized and wide-ranging solution to the plight of the helpless? Would she even care? I think not.

Since God gave humans stewardship and the capacity to do great good, we are responsible for how we deal with animals even in this fallen world. We answer to God. “The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it, the world, and all who live in it (Ps. 24:1).” There are some things that God explicitly allows and some that the Bible is silent on. However, our treatment of animals where it is silent must still reflect the goodness and the character of God.

For instance, God explicitly allows us to eat animals. Genesis 9:3 affirms this. In the New Testament, Jesus declared all foods clean (Mark 7:18-19). But the focus of the permission is on eating, not on how animals are to be treated. If we think our stewardship is settled by the whole question of eating, we’ve got a serious problem.

Proverbs 12:10 (ESV) says, “Whoever is righteous has regard for the life of his beast, but the mercy of the wicked is cruel.” The righteous knows the value of life and would not kill even an animal unnecessarily. If you think about it, billions of animals die in slaughterhouses each year. Do we eat them all? Much meat is left to spoil, but poultry and cattle are bred in large numbers under terrible conditions for the sake of profit. Perhaps we are not guilty of this ourselves, but as Christians, we should care. It is not that everybody must become vegetarians; rather, we must get the awareness out so that irresponsible slaughterhouses and breeders can be shut down if they will not treat their animals with care.

How we treat our animals speaks volumes about us. If we put them in cages but treat them poorly, then we are showing we are greedy and care more for profit than for life. If we beat them or hurt them without good reason (i.e., for food) or provocation (i.e., when they’re attacking us), we show just how little we esteem God’s creation (and, therefore, God Himself). Animals have suffered a lot on human behalf (i.e., for the removal of sin,[1] for the advancement of medicine—thus, the saving of many human lives) and God allowed it because of His great love for us.

God considers human beings to be of greater value than animals. Jesus says in Matthew 6:26,
Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they?” And again in Luke 12:7, “You are worth more than many sparrows.” It is difficult to understand why God would love human beings so much in spite of the many atrocities they have perpetrated in the world, but we ought to remember that in the beginning, we were the crowning glory of God’s creation. And He has not given up on us. The day will still come, in Christ, when we will live up to the great potential for good God has intended for us. If we are grateful, we will begin by making sure we are taking care of His creation.

Question to Ponder:

1) In the Philippines, a chicken is sometimes beaten to death so that its blood will cling to the meat, creating a dish called pitpit. Since all foods are declared ‘clean,’ one is technically allowed to eat it. However, is it a practice we should encourage and continue? Do you think this is a question of eating or of animal abuse? Is there a difference between killing an animal and making it suffer before it dies?



[1] Regarding the time of Moses, it may appear incongruous that animals were sacrificed to the Lord even as compassion for animals was expected (Deut. 25:4). But this puzzle is easily solved when we realize the purpose of the sacrifices. Scripture says, “the law requires that nearly everything be cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness (Heb 9:23).” Unless blood is shed, we will not realize the horror and tragedy of sin. The sacrifices reminded people of this. But before you argue with God and say that animals don’t deserve to die for the sake of people [and you are right; God knows that], remember that God Himself, more innocent than animals themselves ever could be, died for you and me. The blood of the Son of God is infinitely more precious, though it was shed only once, than the blood of a million goats and calves. It’s not fair; it’s grace.




Friday, July 5, 2013

Gambling: Recreation without Ethical Precept?

By HK.Lee
Taken from www.benzinga.com
What is “Gambling”? For the discussion purpose, I take gambling’s definition as “to bet money on the outcome of a game, contest, or other event.”[1] Basically, gambling has an idea of taking a risk in the hope of gaining an advantage or a benefit.[2]

Nowadays, there are various gambling forms such as 4D, TOTO, and Social Gambling which considered as “softer” form of gambling or leisure activities. Meanwhile, gambling such as horse betting, table games in cruises / casinos in other countries, sports betting, jackpot machines and online gambling are falls in the category of the harder form.[3]   

We may wonder how gambling has widely reached into Asian communities today. In fact, we can easily recognize this hidden epidemic base on the finding of Global Betting and Gaming Consultants (GBGC): Asia Becomes World’s Biggest Gambling Region![4] Surprisingly, this gambling tsunami also pointing to the fact that Asians gambler is a huge market even in the America.[5] Studies showed that the majority of people whether in Asia or America are actually aware of gambling is potentially harmful, addictive and problematic for their community.[6] Despite of these cold facts, ironically, the majority of people especially Asian Chinese still perceive that gambling once in a while and not excessively are acceptable. They considered gambling to be a form of recreation or entertainment and there is nothing wrong with gambling.[7] This is where the controversy and ambiguity arises: could gambling be merely as entertainment without ethical precept?    

How Christianity Views Gambling?

Gamblers could justify their gambling as leisure activities as long as they are not in big lost or suffer from Problem Gambling[8]. However, Christianity’s view on this ‘grey area’ is not the consequences that determine the rightness or wrongness of an act but certain features in the act itself or in the rule of which the act. The end never justifies the means.

Gambling industry is seen as one of the most notorious examples of selfishness and non-ethical in the business world. Why? It is because they (the gambling corporations) are continually driven by the need to make a profit, which over-rides all other considerations. If gamblers are harmed and severely suffered in the course of doing it, that is not an issue for them unless it seriously affects the corporations’ best and only interest – making money. They assumes that it is gamblers’ own responsibility for any bad consequences yet they depict gambling is the answer and hope of life’s satisfaction.[9] Gambling beautifies its non-ethical selfishness with entertainment elements which it eventually entraps gamblers into the No-Win predicament.[10] Definitely, it is almost impossible to see a big sign board: For your own and family’s sake, don’t gambling!

Definitely, business should aims for profit. However, Christianity’s antithesis is gambling industry has the wrong desire in mind to get other’s possession. Although gambling issues is not specifically mentioned in the Bible, yet the root issue of gambling is always begins with coveting, a strong desire. One of the commandments in the Bible states, “You shall not covet (Hebrew word is khamad) your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that belongs to your neighbor (Ex. 20:17).” Those possessions in ancient time is similar to the money and properties that we are having today. 
Interestingly, “the verb חָמַד (khamad) focuses not on an external act but on an internal mental activity behind the act, the motivation for it. In the Bible, the word can be used in a very good sense (Ps. 19:10; 68:16), but it has a bad connotation in contexts where the object desired is off limits. This command is aimed at curtailing the greedy desire for something belonging to a neighbor, a desire that leads to the taking of it or the attempt to take it.”[11]

With this understanding of covet, then, an enlightened perspective of gambling formed: The House (gambling corporation) has greedy desire for gamblers’ possessions while gamblers also have the same strong desire for others’ possessions. Thus, under God’s commandment, both are guilty in this case.  

Some might argue that gambling is a personal choice and there is an option of responsible gambling, however, inevitably, gambling seems eventually becomes strong bondage and addiction on those gamblers. Pathological gamblers always admit that gambling is a beautiful jail where they hardly exercise their free-will to escape but under its slavery. Thus, how can a person be sure to what extent of gambling is ‘safe’ for him? Addictive gamblers would testify that gambling is a perfect venue to promote greedy desire where their initial ‘right motive’ (of having leisure) has been gradually and subtly conformed to ‘selfish desire’ that ignores dignity and nobility of self, family, community and works. If gambling has an option of responsible gambling, why gamblers’ testimonies disproved it?

From the view of Christianity, regardless of any legal technicality, the desire and behavior of gambling, is fundamentally against God who is holy and just. For it is written in the Bible, “You shall be holy, because I am holy (I Peter 1:16).” Follow this logic and command, Christianity is fully aware that heart’s condition of man is covetous and hardly stands against the strong desire of greed and possession. In order to obey God and stay away from harmful desire, Christians choose to refrain from this activity.

Any Exceptional Case? 

How about social gambling or “softer” form of gambling that just focus on entertainment and do not desire for the wealthy? Well, it seems to be a situation that justifies individual liberty with reasonable qualifications to gambling such as if one is truly manifest self-control, is has sufficient financial income and is not influencing any weaker-determined people.
           
This is the scenario presented by Timothy Morgan for your reconsideration the affects of gambling to your next generation:

“Teens are paying for our ill-fated social experiment with legal gambling. As more teens are being drawn into the culture of chance, gambling is influencing American society in deep and unexpected ways…. The pervasive worship of Lady Luck – on riverboat casinos, televised live lottery drawings, and at tempting theme-park casinos – alters our perspective on life. The idea that ‘hard work pays off’ is now believed by only one of three people surveyed. In the 1960’s, nearly 60 percent believed in the work ethic. We can count on this attitudinal sea change to affect our youth (and our nation’s future)… Unless we address the spiritual issues underlying gambling, America’s next generation may perish, having no vision, but only a daydream.”[12]

Would you want this scenario happen in our community? In fact, gamblers are aware that their actions are conveying life message to the people around although “softer” form of gambling seem rightful. Interestingly, survey in Singapore showed that most people think it is better not to tell one’s family and friends that one gambles.[13] When they know we have gone to a casino, watching us buy lotteries or social gambling, then, our behavior had given approval. Indirectly, we may serve to set them on an undesirable path where we are not sure whether they will be able to guide their hearts from greedy desire that set on wrong goals. 

Christianity ethical conduct for this issue is well guided by: “Everything is lawful,” but not everything is beneficial. “Everything is lawful,” but not everything builds others up. Do not seek your own good, but the good of the other person.” (I Cor. 10:23-24) Indeed, we must seriously consider how our behavior affects the next generation rather than focus on self-enjoyment as justified by personal freedom and right. In this context, just because I “can” do something does not mean I “should” do it. Every desire with behavior has consequence that will affect self and others as none of us live in isolated island. On this basis, I submit you to refrain from any “softer” form of gambling for the better future of our next generation since there are many good recreations that have more beneficial values than gambling.    

How About You?

The gambling issue that presented here is just the tip of the iceberg. Your valuable comments and dialogues after this reading are most welcomed here.    
1. Could gambling be merely as recreation without ethical precept?
2. What is your view towards social gambling (friendship bonding)? Why?
3. For Christians, how should the church of Jesus Christ actively engaging with gambling issues?   




[2] Ibid.

[3] National Council on Problem Gambling, “Report of Survey on Participation in Gambling Activities Among Singapore Residents, 2008: Perceptions of Various Gambling Forms as Leisure Activities,” Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports of Singapore, http://app.msf.gov.sg/Portals/0/Summary/research/ publications-survey-gambling08.pdf (accessed July 1, 2013).

[4]Asia Becomes World' Biggest Gambling Region,” Global Betting and Gaming Consultants, http://www.gbgc.com/2011/06/asia-becomes-worlds-biggest-gambling-region/#!prettyPhoto (accessed July 1, 2013). GBGC is an independent, specialist gambling consultancy firm dedicated to providing gambling data, research, industry trends, and advice to the international gambling industry. Asia overtook Europe to become the world' largest gambling region in 2010. Asian gambling revenues surged by 20% in 2010 to US$ 122 billion , whilst revenues from all gambling activities in Europe fell by 3% to US$ 114 billion according to Global Betting and Gaming Consultants' (GBGC) sixth edition of its comprehensive Global Gambling Report - Betting on Regulation.

[5] John M. Glionna, “Gambling Seen as No-Win Situation for Some Asians” under “Gambling, Addiction, and Asian Culture,” Asian-Nation Blog, http://www.asian-nation.org/gambling.shtml (accessed July 2, 2013). In John’s article, gambling has become America's adult pastime of choice. Each year, more money is spent in the nation's $75-billion gaming industry than on movies, concerts, sporting events and amusement parks combined.

[6] Problem of gambling is the same issue of these two sources. John M. Glionna, “Gambling Seen as No-Win Situation for Some Asians” under “Gambling, Addiction, and Asian Culture,” Asian-Nation Blog, http://www. asian-nation.org /gambling.shtml (accessed July 2, 2013). The other source is from National Council on Problem Gambling, “Report of Survey on Participation in Gambling Activities Among Singapore Residents, 2011,” Ministry of social and Family Development of Singapore http://app.msf.gov.sg/ResearchRoom/ResearchStatistics/SurveyonGambling ParticipationAmongSpore2011.aspx (accessed July 2, 2013).  

[7] National Council on Problem Gambling, “Survey on the Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Gambling Issues,”   http://app.msf.gov.sg/Portals/0/Summary/research/Media_Release_on_2007_PE_Survey_Final_.pdf  (accessed July 2, 2013).

[8] National Council on Problem Gambling, “Report of Survey on Participation in Gambling Activities Among Singapore Residents, 2008: Probable Problem and Pathological Gambling Screening Criteria,” Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports of Singapore, http://app.msf.gov.sg/Portals/0/Summary/research/ publications-survey-gambling08.pdf (accessed July 1, 2013). It provides diagnostic criteria for problem and pathological gambling.

[9] The perspective is derived from one of the case study. Louis P. Pojman and James Fieser, Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong, 7th ed. (Wadsworth: Cengage Learning, 2012), 81-82.

[10] “How Gambling Really Works,” Addiction Foundation of Manitoba, http://getgamblingfacts.ca/how-gambling-really-works/ (accessed July 2, 2013). Learning about these concepts will help gamblers understand why they usually spend more than they win.

[11] This commentary of the word covet (khamad) is taken from NET Bible Study Environment, “covet,” https://net.bible.org /#!bible/Exodus+20:4 (accessed July 2, 2013).

[12] Timothy Morgan, “The Invisible Addiction,” Christianity Today, April 8, 1996, 12.

[13] National Council on Problem Gambling, “Survey on Perceptions and Attitudes towards Gambling in Singapore, 2007: Specific Beliefs About Gambling,” http://app.msf.gov.sg/Portals/0/Summary/research/Media Release_on_2007_PE_Survey_Final_.pdf (accessed July 2, 2013).

Friday, June 28, 2013

Homosexuality: A taboo turning into a largely celebrated phenomenon?

by Zhelle Capindo


A Celebrated Controversy

In an interview with Boy Abunda of “The Buzz” last June 2, Philippine pop star Charice Pempengco boldly announced that she is a lesbian and had same-sex relationships in the past. This revelation about her sexual orientation received praise not only in the country’s showbiz arena but even internationally. Famous singers and actresses, here and abroad, publicly expressed their appreciation for Charice’s courage to expose her true sexual preference.

Below are few tweets for Charice quoted in AFP News the day after her controversial revelation:1

"Dear @OfficialCharice have you any idea how many young people you inspired today? More power, blessings and love to you!," tweeted Tony award-winning actress and singer Leah Salonga (@MsLeaSalonga), a fellow Filipina international star.

"So Charice is out of the closet. Did that take her talent away? Did it change her voice? NO. Same talented person, just happier," added local celebrity Bubbles Paraiso (@bubblesparaiso) on the social media website.

"So proud of you!" tweeted American celebrity blogger Perez Hilton. "You are opening doors and hearts and minds with your bravery and honesty! Leading by example! BIG HUG!"


As you can see, what was used to be a highly hot-button issue to admit and accept a decade ago is now a largely celebrated phenomenon not only in non-Christian countries but also in a country known to be the only Christian country in Asia - the Philippines.

I remember I had a male cousin before who struggled to keep to himself that he was gay for fear that his father and brothers might beat him to death if he reveals his sexual preference. Being a gay or lesbian back then was considered a disgrace to the family, but now those who publicly claim that they are gay (which from this point will refer to both male and female homosexuals) are some of the most celebrated personalities not only here in Philippines but even worldwide. They are hailed as inspiration to many despite their seemingly ironic lifestyle - professing devoted Christians but are having same-sex relationships known to the public.

What happened? What caused such a great change of mind? Did the world become more understanding of them who prefers a different sexual orientation other than what God designed them to be or have we crossed the thin line between love and toleration? How should we really view homosexuality? Is it a sin in itself or it is the homosexual acts that make it a sin?

These and a lot more are just few of the questions that maybe many people also ask but could not find enough resolution so they settle for what is comfortable or what the world dictates. Well, I am not here to give you the solutions to these questions nor tell you to condemn those who claim they are gay because I myself am in the process of trying to understand how to react and respond to this issue in such a way that will neither condemn them nor tolerate something that may not be righteous in the sight of God, our Creator. So as we go along this topic, let us altogether discover what homosexuality is all about, what the Bible say about this issue, and discuss what our respond should be if ever this issue will arise in our family, church, or ministry.


Homosexuality Defined

WordWed (a free software and database) simply defines homosexuality as a “sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex” while the Catechism of the Catholic Church broadly defined it and its nature as:

Homosexuality refers to relations between men or between women who experience an exclusive or predominant sexual attraction toward persons of the same sex. It has taken a great variety of forms through the centuries and in different cultures. Its psychological genesis remains largely unexplained. Basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity, tradition has always declared that "homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered." They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity. Under no circumstances can they be approved.2
                 


What the Bible Say about Homosexuality


Nowhere in the Bible can we see explanations of what causes a person to be homosexual or whether homosexuality in itself is a sin or not but we surely can look at verses which state that homosexual acts are detestable before the eyes of God. Leviticus 18:22 says, “You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an abomination.” Such act was considered exceptionally displeasing that whoever commits such detestable act shall surely be put to death (Lev. 20:13).

But you’ll say, “That was during the Old Testament times. Is it still applicable to us today? Isn't it too inhumane to kill someone for having sexual relations with the same sex?”   

Well, let’s see what the New Testament has to say about this.

Paul, in his letters to the Romans, clearly said that men who burned in their desire for one another are men who commit indecent acts, and this is true with women as well (Rom 1:27). Further, he stated in the following verses that these men and women who disregard God and His ordinance knew that whoever practices such things (i.e., committing indecent acts with the same sex, greed, evil, murder, etc.) are worthy of death but still they do not only do the same, “but also give hearty approval to those who practice them” (Rom. 1: 32).

Hmmm! doesn’t that sound familiar? Are we not quick today to celebrate practices which actually are contrary to sound teaching (see 1Timothy 1:8-11) because we say we love them and we want to accept them for who they are? Please don’t get me wrong. I am not saying that we should not love and understand those who are facing gender identity crisis. We are commanded to love others and be considerate of them. Jesus Himself dine and spent time with “tax collectors and sinners” (Matt. 9:10-13). He did not even condemn the adulterous woman brought to Him by the scribes and Pharisees who suggested that the woman should be stoned to death as the Law of Moses commands (John 8:1-5). But take note of what Jesus said to the woman; “I do not condemn you, either. Go. From now on sin no more” (John 8:11, emphasis added).


So what?

By the example set to us by Jesus, we truly have no right to condemn those who are into sin but that doesn't mean we are to tolerate practices that are contrary to sound doctrine. There is always room for love and acceptance but as Christians and followers of Christ, we are called to live a life in accordance to God’s standard of what is right and wrong. Where can we find that? It’s probably just there lying in your desk or stack neatly together with your other books waiting for you to read it.

“Read your Bibles, pray everyday and you’ll grow, grow, grow;” says a classic children song. It is true that there are some issues that are not given clear or broad explanation in the Bible but as we read our Bibles and know more of how Jesus spent His life here on earth, we can somehow know how to react and respond to issues in life that are difficult to grasp. We grow in our understanding of how to live our life here on earth as we daily seek to obey God’s commands in how He wants us to conduct our ways - righteous and pleasing before His sight.
  

It’s your turn

As I have mentioned above, I am still in the process of understanding how to properly respond to this issue on homosexuality if ever this confronts me in the future, say in ministry. So your thoughts will be helpful. You may wish to comment on anything I have said above or answer any of the questions below.

1. How can Christians of today effectively reach out to homosexuals with the goal of winning them to Christ given the fact that the world’s acceptance, or should I say toleration, of homosexuality is gaining vast social and legal approval all throughout the globe (e. g. same sex marriage, etc.)? 

2. As a Christian, how will you react to a friend’s confession that he/she is gay in such a way that will neither condemn him/her nor tolerate his/her sexual preference which is obviously opposite to God’s original design for him/her?

3. If you are a church worker or pastor, what action will you take upon knowing that one of the most active youth leaders in your church confessed that he/she is gay and is engaged in a same-sex relationship?







        1From “Philippine pop star Charice says she's a lesbian,” http://ph. news.yahoo.com/philippine-pop-star-charice-says-shes-lesbian-041455947.html, accessed June 26, 2013.

        2From “What EXACTLY does the Catholic Church say about homosexuality?” http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081003122723AAA84pH, accessed June 26, 2013.